Linguistics
The Relationship between Language and Culture
The
relationship between language and culture is a complex one. The two are
intertwined. A particular language usually points out to a specific group of
people. When you interact with another language, it means that you are also
interacting with the culture that speaks the language. You cannot understand
one’s culture without accessing its language directly.
When you
learn a new language, it not only involves learning its alphabet, the word
arrangement and the rules of grammar, but also learning about the specific society’s
customs and behavior. When learning or teaching a language, it is important
that the culture where the language belongs be referenced, because language is
very much ingrained in the culture.
Paralanguage: The Relationship Between Language and Culture
Complex
is one term that you can use to describe human communication since paralanguage
is used to transmit messages. Paralanguage is specific to a culture, therefore
the communication with other ethnic groups can lead to misunderstandings.
When you
grow up in a specific society, it is inevitable to learn the glances, gestures
and little changes in voice or tone and other communication tools to emphasize
or alter what you want to do or say. These specific communication techniques of
one culture are learned mostly by imitating and observing people, initially
from parents and immediate relatives and later from friends and people outside
the close family circle.
Body
language, which is also known as kinesics, is the most obvious type
of paralanguage. These are the postures, expressions and gestures used as
non-verbal language. However, it is likewise possible to alter the meaning of
various words by changing the character or tone of the voice.
Homologous Relationship Between Language and Culture
The
phrase, language is culture and culture is language is often
mentioned when language and culture are discussed. It’s because the two have a
homologous although complex relationship. Language and culture developed
together and influenced each other as they evolved. Using this context, Alfred
L. Krober, a cultural anthropologist from the United States said that culture
started when speech was available, and from that beginning, the enrichment of
either one led the other to develop further.
If
culture is a consequence of the interactions of humans, the acts of
communication are their cultural manifestations within a specific community.
Ferruccio Rossi-Landi, a philosopher from Italy whose work focused on
philosophy, semiotics and linguistics said that a speech community is made up
of all the messages that were exchanged with one another using a given
language, which is understood by the entire society. Rossi-Landi further added
that young children learn their language and culture from the society they were
born in. In the process of learning, they develop their cognitive abilities as
well.
According
to Professor Michael Silverstein, who teaches psychology, linguistics and
anthropology at the University of Chicago, culture’s communicative pressure
represents aspects of reality as well as connects different contexts. It means
that the use of symbols that represent events, identities, feelings, and
beliefs is also the method of bringing these things into the current context.
Influencing
the Way People Think
The
principle of linguistic relativity tells us that language directly influences
the way people view the world. Anthropologist-linguist Edward Sapir of the
United States said that the language habits of specific groups of people built
the real world. He further added that no two languages are similar in such a
way that they would represent one society. The world for each society is
different. In analysis, this means that speaking a language means that the
person is assuming a culture. Knowing another culture, based on this principle,
is knowing its particular language. And we need communication to highlight
interpretations and representations of that world. This is why the relationship
between language and culture is essential when learning any new language.
Inter-Cultural
Interactions
What is likely to happen if there is interaction
between two cultures? In today’s scenario, inter-cultural interactions are very
common. Communication is necessary for any person who wants to understand and
get along with people whose background and beliefs are greatly dissimilar from
their own.
It is easy to use language to mark cultural identity.
But we also use language to describe processes and developments, like explain
intentions of a specific speaker. Specific languages refer to particular cultural
groups.
Values, basic assumptions, behavioral conventions, beliefs,
and attitudes shared by an ethnic group make up what we call culture. This set
of attributes influences the behavior of the individual members of the group
and their interpretations of the meanings of the behavior displayed by each
member.
It is through language that we express the attributes
of culture. We also use language to point out unique objects in our cultures.
All this means that learning and teaching another
language is essential for international communication and cooperation. The
knowledge of other languages facilitates knowledge of other countries and the
specific cultures of each one. Again, this is why the relationship between
language and culture is critically important.
Transmission
of Culture and Language
Language is learned, which means it can be culturally
transmitted. Pre-school children take on their first language from their
exposure to random words they encounter in and out of their homes. When they
reach school age, they learn their first language or another language. If it is
the first language, the children are taught writing and reading,
the correct ways to construct sentences and how to use formal grammar. However,
the child gained initial knowledge about the essential structure and vocabulary
of the first language before the child started school.
Conversely, culture is transmitted in a large part,
by language, through teaching. Language is the reason why humans have histories
that animals do not have. In the study of animal behavior through the course of
history, alterations to their behavior were the result of the intervention of
humans through domestication and other types of interference.
The culture of humans on the other hand is as
different as the world’s languages. They are likely to change over time. In
industrialized countries, the changes in the language are more rapid.
Language Shapes Culture
Oral instruction, and not imitation, is how we learn
culture. There could be some imitation if the learner is still young. With
language, we have a better way to understand methods of social control,
products, techniques, and skills. Spoken language offers a vast quantity of
usable information for the community. This helps to quicken new skill
acquisition and the techniques to adapt to new environments or altered
circumstances.
The advent of writing increased the process of
culture dissemination. Diffusing information became much easier thanks to the
permanent state of writing. And thanks to the invention of printing and
increase in literacy, this process continues to evolve and speed up.
Modern techniques for fast communication transmission
across the globe through broadcasting and the presence of translation services
around the world help make usable knowledge to be accessible to people anywhere
in the world. Thus, the world benefits from the fast transference, availability,
and exchange of social, political, technological, and scientific knowledge.
Assimilation
and Social Differentiation
Through
time, variations appeared within a language. Transmission of a language is
self-perpetuating unless there is deliberate interference. However, it became
important for humans to improve their social hierarchies and social status to
advance personally. It’s safe to say that many people cultivate their dialect
phonologically, grammatically, and lexically to fit into new communities.
An example of this phenomenon is the insistence of
immigrants from Europe to speak American English when they decided to move to
the United States. It is because they realized that speaking American English
is the sign of acceptance in their new home country. Unexpectedly, third generation
immigrants now want to get in touch with the language of their ancestors.
Cultural
and Linguistic Diversity
Culture unifies a community although there is
diversity within that unity. For example, the older generation’s speech might
differ from the speech younger people use. Also, different groups speak
different languages. This is evident in the differences present in a
professor’s speech compare to a young admin staff member at the
university. People could use a different form of the same language in
online forums, which would vastly differ from the language used by media and
classically trained individuals.
We use language in different ways. Linguistic
varieties fall into geographical, social, and functional subclasses. These
factors lead to the formation of dialects that add diversity to the language.
WHAT IS THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEENLANGUAGE AND
CULTURE?
Language and culture are connected. There is a close relationship
between language and culture because it is impossible to understand a culture
without language, and backward. People who live in a certain area share their
common set of beliefs, cultural values, and language, even if it is a minor
dialect.
This article will talk about the role of culture and language and
their importance.
What is Culture?
It is hard to determine what is culture. There are lots of
definitions in the world dictionaries which try to scale this phenomenon
because it is broad and has multifaceted nature. Usually, people believe that
culture consists of basic assumptions, values, patterns of behavior, attitudes,
and beliefs of a certain group of people. They are usually limited by a certain
geographical region and have set characteristics for individual members which
may also act as a group or adopt culture individually. Individuals learn
culture from a group where they were born and pass it on to the other members
of society. We can say that the culture is being constantly created by each of
the members who share a set of patterns.
The word “culture” itself has Latin origins. It came from the word
“colere,” which means to grow from the earth. So, certain cultures also “grow”
from land and people who create it. The importance of language and culture is
great, as culture may create traditions, religion, cuisine, arts, and fashion.
However, its innate factors are the most important because culture tells people
who they are by implicit code of behavior and set of shared beliefs. However,
it’s worth noting that culture may be different for people within a certain
group. Because people have different characteristics as personalities, they see
culture through different lenses, which still means that they are members of
the same cultural group.
Why is Language an Important Part of Culture?
On the other hand, language is more material than culture. It is a
system that people use to communicate. It consists of sound and written
elements that are used by people of particular territory for communication with
each other. Language appears to be more of an exact science because it has a
certain set of characters, rules, grammar, and so on. Still, there are wide
relationships between language and culture. The language is initially learned
from language surrounding like parents and peers, and later some of its aspects
like writing or rules are learned at schools. Specified teaching is important
for language because even in the case of native language, it has to be learned.
To fully master it, you need to write, listen, speak, and read using the
language.
With the help of language, we share ideas
and interact with each other. The history of languages is vast and interesting
because some of them evolved from others many years ago, which may be seen in
their patterns and constructions nowadays. Still, it is hard to say which one
was the first, and how exactly it was formed. Nowadays, we can see how
languages evolve into each other if we look at Spanish in Spain and Latin
America. It is different because people who brought Spanish to South America
where they developed their settlements and started to live on new territory
which led to changes in the language. Therefore, for an accurate
translation, choose a trusted Spanish
translation company.
What Is the Connection Between Language and
Culture?
Rita Mae Brown said: “Language is the Roadmap to Culture.” Indeed,
language and culture are closely intertwined, as in some cases, they mean the
same. There is a complex relationship between them because they are tied to
each other. A child learns culture simultaneously with language, so for them,
it is the same. They are indivisible parts because even when members of a
certain culture go abroad, they are easy to recognize if they speak the local
language and vice versa. Another point is, when people learn a new language, it
also means learning a new culture. For example, there may be words for
phenomena that don’t exist in the country of the learner. The Japanese language
has the word “komorebi,” which means a phenomenon when sunlight is filtered
through the leaves. So, with this word, a learner will get a Japanese approach
to nature and beauty. The relationship between language and culture is very
strong in this example.
Why Is Language an Essential Component?
It’s impossible to experience the culture
without knowing the language because they are closely linked in people’s
mindsets. That is why when people learn a new language, they often read
authentic texts, visit countries, and speak with natives. They read about the
country, its customs, and beliefs. Such learners usually achieve high results
because they have an all-round approach to culture and language which always go
hand in hand. The same goes for translation because a good specialist will always
know the culture of the target country, for example, French
document translation will demand a different approach than the
Arabic one. Usually, translators are strict with cultures because the smallest
word or “innocent” joke can offense people of the target language.
What Appeared First, Culture or Language?
It is hard to say how is language related to culture in terms of
the time of creation. There are reasons to say that they appeared
simultaneously. For example, scientists say that people did not develop a
language for one day, and top theories say that words came from simple sounds
that were meant to show the essence of things. That is why language is filled
with onomatopoeia created words. The process of language creation was steady
and slow. On the other side, culture didn’t form fast either. People who lived
together at one territory began to share thoughts, create things, clothes,
believe in the same gods. Simultaneously, the language evolved and became more
advanced, which provoked the new wave of cultural development.
How Do Language and Culture Influence Each
Other?
As people often don’t know what appeared first, culture or
language, they don’t know what is more important for them, language or culture.
However, if you understand the culture, it may help you in learning and
backward. If a traveler heads to another culture, they learn main customs and
traditions, as well as few words to get by. The same happens with each of us
when we want to experience a new culture or language, so it doesn’t matter
which aspect appeared first. It’s hard to imagine that they developed on their
own because they have so much in common.
How Culture and Language Influence Our Identity
What role does language play in cultural identity? Scientists guess
that language influences the way we think because it shapes our thoughts in a different
form. If we imagine the language as a puzzle, we will have to create our speech
from small matching pieces. However, for the other language, pieces will be
different, and we will create a different picture. This way, language can
influence our behavior and word choice. Some studies suggest that our
personality may change depending on the language we speak. We connect the
language with the culture associated with it, which impacts us greatly.
Intercultural communication is an example of this phenomenon. When
people from different cultures meet and try to speak each other’s languages,
they broaden their horizons by borrowing and sharing culture. Intercultural
interactions are especially strong in the globalization age because they
enrichen each of the participants and mutually change each other’s worldview.
Culture and languages tell us how to interact with other people, and also tell
us which ethics and values we spread. We do not say this with the help of
words, but language helps us shape what we have to tell. It is easy for us to
translate our intrinsic values dictated by culture. A blend of culture and language
determines how we speak, think, and interact with other people.
Importantly, culture makes us differentiate socially. It is a part
of our personality, but personality can change over time. Language and culture
are intertwined and can change, too. For example, people from Europe who
immigrated to the United States, started to speak American English because they
wanted to be a part of a big American community. However, they also lived in
closely-knit groups of the same origin, for example, the Irish settled and
lived together. They continued to speak their native language at home to avoid
assimilation.
Such behavior gave interesting results,
for example, the best pharmaceutical or technical
translation company could start from family-owned businesses by
members of a certain nationality. Indeed, culture defines who we are, and
losing even the smallest part of our personality is painful.
Culture and Language Diversity
From the first sign, culture and language unify the community.
However, there are signs of them otherwise. Within the same culture and
language group, people of different ages may have different beliefs and ways of
speaking. Younger people usually have different interests, they more eagerly
adopt something new, including neologisms and terms from abroad. Older people
are more set in their ways and use more standardized, sometimes archaic
language. Moreover, several nations can bear the same culture.
In the globalization age, cultural and linguistic diversity is
especially important. Cultures may spread worldwide and make people learn new
languages, do business, and travel. The more languages the person learns, the
more they become the “citizens of the world” who know about many countries and
mindsets of people there. However, each culture may be assimilated if more
mainstream and popular cultures capture the minds of people. This presents
cultural issues and language learning which can influence them. That’s why
ethnic groups need to share and safeguard their linguistic and cultural
diversity.
Many countries of the Arab world differ, but they have certain
shared values and language features for their geographical region. These
national traits always stay and help people distinguish strangers and members
of the community. Moreover, within each country, there exist dialects that
reflect the realities of people living in different conditions. If the country
encompasses several geographical zones, people are likely to develop several
dialects. That happens because they live in a closed space far from other
groups and start to develop neologisms even if they are in the same country.
Germany may be an example of such a country because there are two distinct
dialects that sometimes sound like two different languages for foreigners. Is
language a part of culture in these cases? Surely, yes.
The Last Word
The question of language and culture, their relations, and whether
one of them appeared earlier, are eternal. Linguists around the world have many
theories on how language is related to culture. Language and culture unify a
certain group of people but also leave the space for creativity, which creates
a unique blend of characteristics for every citizen. The clash of cultures in
the modern world, cultural enrichment, and globalization spread culture
worldwide with the help of language. The mission of The Word Point as a
translation service is to unite people by bridging them with the help of
languages
